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Clearinghouse on Educational Policy and Management
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| College of Education · University of Oregon |
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Zero Tolerance PoliciesJournal ArticlesEJ646794 CG558531Antidote for Zero Tolerance: Revisiting a "Reclaiming" School. Author: Farner, Conrad D. Availability: College of Education and Behavioral Science, Morehead State University, Morehead, KY 40351. Journal Citation: Reclaiming Children and Youth, v11 n1 p19-22 Spr 2002 Publication Date: 2002 ISSN: 1089-5701 Language: English Document Type: Journal articles (080); Reports--Descriptive (141) Journal Announcement: CIJOCT2002 Abstract: Reports on a revisit to the Frank Lloyd Wright Middle School, which implemented strategies to deal with disciplinary problems. The school continues to progress towards creating the type of reclaiming environment necessary to ensure the needs of all students. Strategies used include alternatives to zero tolerance policy; smaller teams of students; keeping students with the same teacher; and schools within schools. (JDM) Descriptors: Behavior Modification; *Behavior Problems; Demonstration Programs; *Educational Innovation; Experimental Schools; *Middle School Students; Middle Schools; *School Effectiveness; Suspension; Zero Tolerance Policy; EJ642938 EA539419 Life-Saving Lessons. Author: Joiner, Lottie L. Availability: http://www-writing.berkeley.edu/TESL-EJ Journal Citation: American School Board Journal, v189 n3 p14-18 Mar 2002 Publication Date: 2002 ISSN: 0003-0953 Language: English Document Type: Information Analysis (070); Journal articles (080) Journal Announcement: CIJAUG2002 Abstract: Schools are taking many different steps to prevent violence, among them improving relationships with students and building on the relationship with local law enforcement. A comprehensive strategy should definitely include a good crisis plan. All school personnel should know what the plan says as well as their roles in implementation. One sidebar lists online resources; another discusses two visible safety measures-zero tolerance and student profiling. (MLF) Descriptors: *Crisis Management; *Educational Environment; Elementary Secondary Education; Needs Assessment; Police School Relationship; Prevention; School Culture; *School Safety; *School Security; *Student School Relationship; *Violence; Zero Tolerance Policy Identifiers: Columbine High School Shooting EJ639008 EA539092 The Dilemma of Zero Tolerance. Author: Holloway, John H. Availability: http://llt.msu.edu Journal Citation: Educational Leadership, v59 n4 p84-85 Dec 2001-Jan 2002 Publication Date: 2002 ISSN: 0013-1784 Language: English Document Type: Journal articles (080); Reports--Research (143) Journal Announcement: CIJJUN2002 Abstract: Reviews research on the impact of zero-tolerance policies on student behavior and achievement. Concludes that policies are generally ineffective and often counterproductive. (Contains 14 references.) (PKP) Descriptors: Academic Achievement; Discipline; Elementary Secondary Education; Expulsion; Legal Problems; *School Safety; Student Behavior; Violence; *Zero Tolerance Policy; EJ638541 UD523338 Restorative Justice in School Communities. Author: Karp, David R.; Breslin, Beau Availability: New York Review of Books, P.O. Box 23022, Jackson, MS 39223022 ($62 per year). Tel: 888-357-9379; Web site: http://www.nybooks.com/subscriptions. Journal Citation: Youth & Society, v33 n2 p249-72 Dec 2001 Publication Date: 2001 ISSN: 0044-118X Language: English Document Type: Journal articles (080); Reports--Descriptive (141) Journal Announcement: CIJMAY2002 Abstract: Explores the recent implementation of restorative justice practices in Minnesota, Colorado, and Pennsylvania school communities, examining how their approaches can address substance abuse problems and offer alternatives to zero-tolerance policies. The three programs are committed to the idea that restoration is a more appropriate educational tool than traditional punishment for handling harms done to both individuals and communities. (SM) Descriptors: Adolescents; Delinquency; Elementary Secondary Education; *Juvenile Justice; Public Schools; *Rehabilitation; School Involvement; Secondary Education; *Substance Abuse; Victims of Crime Identifiers: Colorado; Minnesota; Pennsylvania; Victims Rights Descriptive Terms: Special Issue: Bringing Restorative Justice to Adolescent Substance Abuse. EJ636959 EA538899 An Alternative Approach to Zero Tolerance Policies. Author: Ilg, Timothy J.; Russo, Charles J. Availability: http://www-writing.berkeley.edu/TESL-EJ Journal Citation: School Business Affairs, v67 n7 p43-48 Jul 2001 Publication Date: 2001 ISSN: 0036-651X Language: English Document Type: Journal articles (080); Reports--Evaluative (142) Journal Announcement: CIJMAY2002 Abstract: School officials should adopt no-tolerance policies that require educators' discretion in punishing misbehaving students (based on due process and fundamental fairness), rather than relying on the zero-tolerance approach, which fails to differentiate among different levels of offenses. Even disruptive students deserve due process and appropriate discipline. (Contains 28 references.) (MLH) Descriptors: *Crime Prevention; Due Process; Elementary Secondary Education; Expulsion; *Legal Problems; *Punishment; *School Policy; *School Responsibility; Suspension; *Zero Tolerance Policy Identifiers: Critics EJ632455 EA538635 Zero Tolerance in Schools. Author: Henault, Cherry Availability: Journal Citation: Journal of Law and Education, v30 n3 p547-53 Jul 2001 Publication Date: 2001 ISSN: 0275-6072 Language: English Document Type: Journal articles (080); Legal/Legislative/Regulatory materials (090) Journal Announcement: CIJMAR2002 Abstract: Questions the effectiveness of the widespread use of zero-tolerance policies enacted by school boards to punish students who violate weapon and drug rules. Suggests that enforcement of zero-tolerance policies has not been equitable. Reviews proposal for alternative to zero tolerance. (PKP) Descriptors: *Court Litigation; *Discipline Policy; Elementary Secondary Education; Federal Courts; Research Reports; *School Safety; State Courts Identifiers: *Zero Tolerance Policy EJ632414 EA538550 "Zero Tolerance" for Free Speech. Author: Hils, Lynda Availability: Journal Citation: Journal of Law and Education, v30 n2 p365-73 Apr 2001 Publication Date: 2001 ISSN: 0275-6072 Language: English Document Type: Journal articles (080); Legal/Legislative/Regulatory materials (090) Journal Announcement: CIJMAR2002 Abstract: Argues that school policies of "zero tolerance" of threatening speech may violate a student's First Amendment right to freedom of expression if speech is less than a "true threat." Suggests a two-step analysis to determine if student speech is a "true threat." (PKP) Descriptors: *Court Litigation; Elementary Secondary Education; *Freedom of Speech; *School Law; *School Safety; *Student Rights; Violence Identifiers: Bethel School District 403 v Fraser; First Amendment; Hazelwood School District v Kuhlmeier; Tinker v Des Moines Independent School District; *Zero Tolerance Policy EJ632413 EA538549 Hazing in High Schools: Finding the Hidden Tradition. Author: Dixon, Mary Availability: Journal Citation: Journal of Law and Education, v30 n2 p357-63 Apr 2001 Publication Date: 2001 ISSN: 0275-6072 Language: English Document Type: Journal articles (080); Legal/Legislative/Regulatory materials (090) Journal Announcement: CIJMAR2002 Abstract: After providing recent survey evidence of significant widespread hazing of students in high schools, author calls for the enactment of stricter state anti-hazing laws to eliminate adverse impact of hazing on students' physical and mental well-being. Author also calls for increased educational efforts to reduce hazing. (PKP) Descriptors: *Discipline Policy; *Hazing; *High School Students; High Schools; *School Law; State Legislation; Surveys Identifiers: Zero Tolerance Policy EJ629462 EC627798 Professional Ethics within the Context of Student Discipline and Diversity. Author: Cartledge, Gwendolyn; Tillman, Linda C.; Johnson, Carolyn Talbert Availability: Journal Citation: Teacher Education and Special Education, v24 n1 p25-37 Win 2001 Publication Date: 2001 ISSN: 0888-4064 Language: English Document Type: Journal articles (080); Opinion papers (120); Reports--Descriptive (141) Journal Announcement: CIJJAN2002 Abstract: This article reviews research findings that indicate the schooling of minority students is being jeopardized by heightened anxiety over school safety and the advent of "zero tolerance" regulations. A means for a more constructive focus is discussed that calls for ethical considerations, cross-cultural literacy, and behavior management and development. (Contains references.) (CR) Descriptors: *Behavior Disorders; Behavior Modification; *Cross Cultural Training; Cultural Differences; Discipline; Discipline Policy; *Educational Discrimination; Elementary Secondary Education; Ethics; *Minority Group Children; *Teacher Education Programs EJ624720 EA538204 What Did He Know, and When Did He Know It? Author: Dowling-Sendor, Benjamin Availability: Journal Citation: American School Board Journal, v188 n3 p14-15,51 Mar 2001 Publication Date: 2001 ISSN: 0003-0953 Language: English Document Type: Journal articles (080); Legal/Legislative/Regulatory materials (090); Reports--Evaluative (142) Journal Announcement: CIJOCT2001 Abstract: In a case involving a knife in a car and a school's zero-tolerance policy, a circuit court decided it was unfair to expel a student for possessing a prohibited item if he did not know of its presence. Injury to another is impossible under those circumstances! (MLH) Descriptors: *Court Litigation; *Discipline Policy; *Expulsion; High Schools; *Prevention; *Violence Identifiers: *Knives; Tennessee (Knoxville); *Zero Tolerance Policy EJ623051 EA538271 A "Con Law" Casualty or Victory? Author: Zirkel, Perry A. Availability: Journal Citation: Phi Delta Kappan, v82 n5 p415-16 Jan 2001 Publication Date: 2001 ISSN: 0031-7217 Language: English Document Type: Journal articles (080); Legal/Legislative/Regulatory materials (090); Reports--Evaluative (142) Journal Announcement: CIJSEP2001 Abstract: The 11th Circuit Court upheld a Georgia district's termination of an exemplary teacher who refused an immediate drug test after a police dog sniffed out a marijuana cigarette in her unlocked car. This case illustrates application of zero-tolerance policies to teachers and other personnel despite employees' signed contracts. (MLH) Descriptors: *Constitutional Law; Contracts; *Court Litigation; High Schools; Marijuana; *Privacy; *School Policy; *Teacher Dismissal; Teacher Rights Identifiers: *Chatham County School District GA; *Drug Policy; Zero Tolerance Policy EJ621336 EA538050 Zero Tolerance Approach to School Violence: Is It Going Too Far? Author: Essex, Nathan L. Availability: Journal Citation: American Secondary Education, v29 n2 p37-40 Win 2000 Publication Date: 2000 ISSN: 0003-1003 Language: English Document Type: Journal articles (080); Reports--Evaluative (142) Journal Announcement: CIJAUG2001 Abstract: Zero-tolerance policies should not be used solely to rid the school of troubled students needing special counseling and mentoring. Administrators should involve teachers, parents, community leaders, and student representatives in formulating such policies. School-safety considerations and student rights must be balanced. (MLH) Descriptors: Behavior Problems; Counseling; *Discipline Policy; *Expulsion; *Legal Problems; Mentors; Parent Participation; Policy Formation; Problem Children; *School Safety; Secondary Education; Student Participation; *Student Rights; *Violence Identifiers: Gun Free Schools Act 1994; *Zero Tolerance Policy EJ619620 EA537889 Education for All. Author: Bireda, Martha R. Availability: Journal Citation: Principal Leadership, v1 n4 p8-13 Dec 2000 Publication Date: 2000 ISSN: 1529-8957 Language: English Document Type: Journal articles (080); Reports--Evaluative (142) Journal Announcement: CIJJUL2001 Abstract: Students of color are more likely to be suspended and/or drop out. Tackling racial inequity requires a strong, knowledgeable, and determined administrator to gather relevant information, ask tough questions, observe behaviors, state intentions, monitor expectations for minority kids, build relationships, establish zero-tolerance policies, and reeducate staff. (MLH) Descriptors: *Administrator Responsibility; *Blacks; *Equal Education; High Schools; Hispanic Americans; *Intervention; *Principals; *Racial Discrimination Identifiers: *Zero Tolerance Policy EJ617226 SP528850 Punitive Damage: In Search of School Discipline That Helps Instead of Hurts. Author: Herzog, Susan Availability: Journal Citation: Our Children, v26 n3 p12-14 Nov 2000 Publication Date: 2000 ISSN: 1083-3080 Language: English Document Type: Journal articles (080); Reports--Descriptive (141) Journal Announcement: CIJMAY2001 Abstract: Discusses discipline in today's schools, examining common discipline problems, noting the effect of punishment; describing various disciplinary measures (peer mediation, peaceable schools, zero tolerance policies, and corporal punishment); emphasizing the importance of prevention versus punishment; discussing school safety; and highlighting the parent's role in teaching good conduct. Tips for parents are presented. (SM) Descriptors: *Classroom Techniques; Corporal Punishment; *Discipline; Elementary Secondary Education; Parent Responsibility; Peer Mediation; Public Schools; Punishment; School Safety; Student Behavior Identifiers: Risk Reduction; Zero Tolerance Policy EJ616309 EA537721 Techniques for Dealing with Student Harassment at the High School Level. Author: Campbell, Wallace D. Availability: Journal Citation: American Secondary Education, v29 n1 p34-37 Fall 2000 Publication Date: 2000 ISSN: 0003-1003 Language: English Document Type: Journal articles (080); Reports--Descriptive (141); Reports--Evaluative (142) Journal Announcement: CIJMAY2001 Abstract: Harassment, or bullying, is one of the most difficult disciplinary issues for administrators to manage because of differing interpretations. One school's zero-tolerance plan involves filing a harassment complaint with the assistant principal, who meets with involved parties; notifying law- enforcement officials if appropriate; and informing parents. (MLH) Descriptors: *Administrator Responsibility; *Bullying; *Change Strategies; *Discipline Policy; Expulsion; High Schools; *Prevention; School Policy; Suspension Identifiers: After School Detention; Anger Management; *Ohio (Jamestown) EJ616308 EA537720 An Ignored Antidote to School Violence: Classrooms That Reinforce Positive Social Habits. Author: Willert, Jeanette; Willert, Richard Availability: Journal Citation: American Secondary Education, v29 n1 p27-33 Fall 2000 Publication Date: 2000 ISSN: 0003-1003 Language: English Document Type: Journal articles (080); Reports--Evaluative (142) Journal Announcement: CIJMAY2001 Abstract: Zero-tolerance policies, security systems, peer mediation, and other "supervisory" violence-prevention measures ignore the classroom's potential for forming or modifying student behavior. When properly trained in cooperative-learning methodology, teachers can reinforce positive social behaviors and encourage tolerant attitudes on a daily basis. (Contains 16 references.) (MLH) Descriptors: Adolescent Attitudes; Aggression; *Classroom Environment; *Cooperative Learning; Counseling; *Habit Formation; Intervention; Peer Mediation; *Positive Reinforcement; *School Safety; Secondary Education; *Social Development; Supervision; Teacher Role; Violence Identifiers: *Control (Social Behavior); Surveillance Systems; Zero Tolerance Policy EJ616251 EA537628 Balancing Duties and Rights. Author: McCarthy, Martha M.; Webb, L. Dean Availability: Journal Citation: Principal Leadership, v1 n1 p16-21 Sep 2000 Publication Date: 2000 ISSN: 1529-8957 Language: English Document Type: Journal articles (080); Legal/Legislative/Regulatory materials (090); Reports--Evaluative (142) Journal Announcement: CIJMAY2001 Abstract: Schools are legally obligated to protect students from injury, report child abuse, and curtail harassment and hate crimes. Educators' duties to maintain safe school environments often conflict with students' constitutionally protected rights governing expression, appearance, unreasonable searches, and due process regarding zero-tolerance policies and penalties. (Contains 31 references.) (MLH) Descriptors: Child Abuse; *Court Litigation; Due Process; Elementary Secondary Education; Freedom of Speech; *Legal Problems; *Legal Responsibility; *School Law; *School Safety; Search and Seizure; Sexual Harassment; *Student Rights; Violence Identifiers: Physical Appearance; *Protective Behavior; Zero Tolerance Policy EJ613999 UD522488 Catch Them before They Fall. A Kentucky School District Bucks the Trend toward Exclusionary Discipline. Author: Walker, Tim Availability: Journal Citation: Teaching Tolerance, n18 p32-37 Fall 2000 Publication Date: 2000 Language: English Document Type: Journal articles (080); Reports--Descriptive (141) Journal Announcement: CIJMAR2001 Abstract: Discusses problems with the zero tolerance policy and exclusionary discipline in schools, describing how one Kentucky school district formed a continuum of services to support students with behavioral problems, using exclusionary models as a last resort. Students are taught the skills they need to solve their problems and get along with others without resorting to violence. (SM) Descriptors: *Behavior Problems; *Discipline; Elementary Secondary Education; High Risk Students; Inclusive Schools; *Student Behavior; Urban Schools; Violence Identifiers: African Americans; Kentucky; *Zero Tolerance Policy EJ612888 EA537517 Preempting Threats with a Sound School Policy. Author: Stader, David L. Availability: Journal Citation: NASSP Bulletin, v84 n617 p68-72 Sep 2000 Publication Date: 2000 ISSN: 0192-6365 Language: English Document Type: Journal articles (080); Legal/Legislative/Regulatory materials (090); Reports--Evaluative (142) Journal Announcement: CIJMAR2001 Abstract: Administrators should regard each student threat as legitimate, but need flexibility in how they respond. Getting the facts and following due process are essential. School policy should require that students be referred to law-enforcement officials and specify communication, crisis-management, identification, and preventive/proactive procedures. (MLH) Descriptors: *Administrator Responsibility; Agency Cooperation; *Communication (Thought Transfer); *Crisis Management; *Discipline; Due Process; Expulsion; *School Policy; *School Safety; Secondary Education; Student Rights Identifiers: *Threat; Zero Tolerance Policy EJ609632 EA537400 Failing at Kindness: Why Fear of Violence Endangers Children. Author: Perlstein, Daniel Availability: Journal Citation: Educational Leadership, v57 n6 p76-79 Mar 2000 Publication Date: 2000 ISSN: 0013-1784 Language: English Document Type: Journal articles (080); Reports--Evaluative (142) Journal Announcement: CIJJAN2001 Abstract: Violence-prevention policies stress high-tech security measures and zero tolerance over compassion. Student policing is intensifying, despite declining youth violence, rarity of shootings, and failure of police protection. Suburban youth violence is rooted in masculinity misconceptions and sexual harassment. Education, not retribution, should guide educators' responses. (Contains 15 references.) (MLH) Descriptors: Adolescents; Alienation; Bullying; *Gender Issues; Homicide; Juvenile Justice; Masculinity; Misconceptions; Prevention; Punishment; *School Policy; *School Safety; Secondary Education; Sex Role; Sexual Harassment; *Social Influences; *Suburban Schools; *Violence Identifiers: *Caring; Zero Tolerance Policy EJ604934 EC624573 School Discipline at a Crossroads: From Zero Tolerance to Early Response. Author: Skiba, Russell J.; Peterson, Reece L. Availability: Journal Citation: Exceptional Children, v66 n3 p335-46 Spr 2000 Publication Date: 2000 ISSN: 0014-4029 Language: English Document Type: Journal articles (080); Opinion papers (120) Journal Announcement: CIJOCT2000 Abstract: Discussion of the increasing emphasis of school discipline and zero tolerance procedures and policies suggests there is little evidence that they have resulted in increased school safety or improved student behavior. A preventive, early response disciplinary model is suggested to increase the range of effective options for addressing violence and disruption across both general and special education. (Contains extensive references.) (Author/DB) Descriptors: Behavior Change; *Behavior Disorders; *Discipline; Educational Policy; Elementary Secondary Education; Prevention; *Regular and Special Education Relationship; School Safety; *Teaching Models Identifiers: *Zero Tolerance Policy EJ603262 EA536943 Schools and the Law: Legal Trouble Spots and How To Avoid Them. Author: Jones, Rebecca Availability: Journal Citation: American School Board Journal, v187 n4 p24-30 Apr 2000 Publication Date: 2000 ISSN: 0003-0953 Language: English Document Type: Guides--Non-classroom (055); Journal articles (080) Journal Announcement: CIJSEP2000 Abstract: To reduce liability risks, there are no substitutes for knowing law and policies, consulting with an attorney beforehand, providing adequate staff training, and documenting efforts. School law hot spots include negligence, religion, discipline policies, sexual harassment, magnet school diversity policies, and high-stakes testing. (MLH) Descriptors: *Court Litigation; Discipline; Diversity (Student); Elementary Secondary Education; *High Stakes Tests; Injuries; *Legal Responsibility; Magnet Schools; Negligence; Racial Discrimination; Religion; *School Law; *School Responsibility; Sexual Harassment; *Torts Identifiers: *Religious Freedom; Zero Tolerance Policy EJ601206 EA536845 Does Zero Mean Zero? Balancing Policy with Procedure in the Fight against Weapons at School. Author: Martin, W. Michael Availability: Journal Citation: American School Board Journal, v187 n3 p39-41 Mar 2000 Publication Date: 2000 ISSN: 0003-0953 Language: English Document Type: Journal articles (080); Reports--Descriptive (141) Journal Announcement: CIJAUG2000 Abstract: The recent escalation of zero-tolerance weapons policies was predicated on a (mis)perceived increase in school-related shootings. When administering such policies, principals should reaffirm the policy message, clarify consequences, be careful with evidence, clear their calendars, prepare a communication plan, and coordinate responses to the media. (MLH) Descriptors: *Administrative Problems; Administrator Responsibility; Elementary Secondary Education; Expulsion; *Guns; Information Dissemination; Principals; Program Implementation; Public Relations; *School Policy; School Safety; *Student Rights Identifiers: *Gun Free Schools Act 1994; Media Relations; *Zero Tolerance Policy EJ601200 EA536839 Zero Tolerance versus Privacy. Author: Dowling-Sendor, Benjamin Availability: Journal Citation: American School Board Journal, v187 n3 p18-19,54 Mar 2000 Publication Date: 2000 ISSN: 0003-0953 Language: English Document Type: Journal articles (080); Reports--Descriptive (141) Journal Announcement: CIJAUG2000 Abstract: In a case involving questionable canine search-and-seizure practices, a circuit court upheld a school board's decision to terminate a teacher's contract. While touting zero tolerance, the board fired an honored teacher 3 years from retirement who may not have known about the marijuana cigarette in her car. (MLH) Descriptors: Court Litigation; *Drug Use Testing; Elementary Secondary Education; *Marijuana; *Privacy; School Law; *School Policy; *Search and Seizure; *Teacher Dismissal; Teacher Rights Identifiers: Chatham County School District GA; *Zero Tolerance Policy EJ599055 EA536732 Handling Gang Violence in Schools: Some Costly Legal Errors and How To Avoid Them. Author: Essex, Nathan L. Availability: Journal Citation: ERS Spectrum, v17 n4 p21-24 Fall 1999 Publication Date: 1999 ISSN: 0740-7874 Language: English Document Type: Journal articles (080); Reports--Evaluative (142) Journal Announcement: CIJJUL2000 Abstract: Administrators risk serious legal challenges when failing to recognize and respond to gang activity; enhance staff knowledge of gang identification/management techniques; establish policies and procedures; report suspected activities to police; pursue conflict mediation; include gang issues in class discussions; follow up on threats; or develop a schoolwide safety plan. (MLH) Descriptors: *Administrator Responsibility; Elementary Secondary Education; *Juvenile Gangs; *Legal Problems; *Legal Responsibility; *School Safety; *Violence Identifiers: *Zero Tolerance Policy EJ597055 EA536547 Zero Tolerance Expulsions. Author: Zirkel, Perry A. Availability: Journal Citation: NASSP Bulletin, v83 n605 p101-05 Nov 1999 Publication Date: 1999 ISSN: 0192-6365 Language: English Document Type: Journal articles (080); Opinion papers (120) Journal Announcement: CIJJUN2000 Abstract: Most courts have flexibly interpreted the constitutional requirement of procedural and substantive due process in favor of zero-tolerance expulsion decisions. While being sensitive to community intolerance for threats to school safety (student possession of guns or drugs), school leaders should modulate development and enforcement of expulsion policies. (MLH) Descriptors: *Court Litigation; *Discipline Policy; Due Process; *Expulsion; *Legal Problems; *School Safety; Secondary Education Identifiers: *Gun Free Schools Act 1994; Individuals with Disabilities Education Act; *Zero Tolerance Policy EJ594886 EA536517 Zero Tolerance for Zero Tolerance. Author: Curwin, Richard L.; Mendler, Allen N. Availability: Journal Citation: Phi Delta Kappan, v81 n1 p119-20 Oct 1999 Publication Date: 1999 ISSN: 0031-7217 Language: English Document Type: Journal articles (080); Reports--Evaluative (142) Journal Announcement: CIJMAY2000 Abstract: Intended to improve school safety by ensuring student compliance with rules, zero tolerance has become an excuse to treat all children needing corrective measures the same. An alternative approach, "Tough as Necessary," balances strength with fairness, incorporates school-specific values, and establishes and enforces differentiated consequences. (MLH) Descriptors: *Diversity (Student); Elementary Secondary Education; *Problems; Program Descriptions; *Student Behavior; *Violence Identifiers: *Fairness; *Zero Tolerance Policy EJ592961 EA536330 Does Zero Tolerance Work? Author: Blair, Frank E. Availability: Journal Citation: Principal, v79 n1 p36-37 Sep 1999 Publication Date: 1999 ISSN: 0271-6062 Language: English Document Type: Journal articles (080); Reports--Evaluative (142) Journal Announcement: CIJAPR2000 Abstract: In the five years since most states passed zero-tolerance legislation, results have been moderately successful. Such policies can work under four conditions: clear consequences for misbehavior, collaborative development by all stakeholding agencies, knowledge of other states' experience, and integration of sequential and comprehensive health-education programs. (MLH) Descriptors: Agency Cooperation; Elementary Secondary Education; Health Education; Integrated Services; *Prevention; Program Effectiveness; *Public Policy; *School Policy; *State Legislation; *Violence Identifiers: *Zero Tolerance Policy EJ589411 EA536081 Proactive Thoughts on Creating Safe Schools. Author: Perry, Constance M. Availability: Journal Citation: School Community Journal, v9 n1 p9-16 Spr-Sum 1999 Publication Date: 1999 ISSN: 1059-308X Language: English Document Type: Journal articles (080); Reports--Evaluative (142) Journal Announcement: CIJFEB2000 Abstract: Reactive measures such as metal detectors, I.D. badges, and zero-tolerance policies can reduce violence, but cultivating order is more effective than imposing it. Building a respectful, caring learning environment by enhancing students' sense of belonging, implementing a comprehensive character-education program, and teaching conflict-resolution strategies will improve school safety. (25 references) (MLH) Descriptors: *Conflict Resolution; *Educational Environment; Elementary Secondary Education; *Homicide; *School Security; *Violence Identifiers: *Caring; *Character Education; Identification Badges; Metal Detectors; Zero Tolerance Policy EJ587634 EA535990 How Safe Are Your Schools? Author: Stetzner, Kate Availability: Journal Citation: School Administrator, v56 n6 p22-24 Jun 1999 Publication Date: 1999 ISSN: 0036-6439 Language: English Document Type: Journal articles (080); Reports--Descriptive (141); Reports--Evaluative (142) Journal Announcement: CIJJAN2000 Abstract: A Montana superintendent and presidential appointee explains federal initiatives (funded programs and directives) that school leaders can apply to their own violence-prevention work. These include support for zero-tolerance policies, community programs, afterschool activities, and school-uniform policies. Resource centers are listed. (MLH) Descriptors: After School Programs; Community Programs; Elementary Secondary Education; *Federal Aid; *Prevention; Resource Materials; *School Safety; Superintendents; *Violence Identifiers: Montana (Butte); School Uniforms; Zero Tolerance Policy EJ587588 EA535905 Safe Schools: Hearing Past the Hype. Author: Heaney, Michael F.; Michela, Robert J. Availability: Journal Citation: High School Magazine, v6 n7 p14-17 May-Jun 1999 Publication Date: 1999 ISSN: 1070-9533 Language: English Document Type: Journal articles (080); Reports--Evaluative (142) Journal Announcement: CIJJAN2000 Abstract: Creating a safe, secure learning environment has long been a high priority for high-school principals. Today's principals battle numerous federal and state laws, mandated zero-tolerance policies, and police involvement that remove them as key decision-makers. Security measures must be comprehensive, cooperative, and consistent. (MLH) Descriptors: *Administrator Responsibility; *Administrator Role; Guidelines; High Schools; *Principals; *School Policy; *School Security; *Violence Identifiers: Zero Tolerance Policy DocumentsED465142 CG031773Threats in Schools: A Practical Guide for Managing Violence. Author: McCann, Joseph T. Availability: Haworth Press, Inc., 10 Alice St., Binghamton, NY 13904-1580 (hardcover: ISBN-0-7890-1295-2, $34.95; paperback: ISBN-0-7890-1296-0, $19.95). Tel: 800-429-6784 (Toll Free); Tel: 607-722-5857; Fax: 607-722-6362; e-mail: getinfo@haworthpressinc.com; Web site: http://www.HaworthPress.com. Publication Date: 2002 ISBN: BN- 0-7890-1296-0; Language: English Document Type: Book (010); Guides--Non-classroom (055) Journal Announcement: RIEDEC2002 Abstract: In the wake of several highly publicized school shootings, the problem of school violence has increasingly become a focus of concern for the general public as well as teachers, school officials, and students. Drawing on case studies from publicized violent incidents as well as from the authors private practice, this book provides techniques for identifying, conceptualizing, assessing, and managing threatening behavior by students in school settings. Offering specific case management strategies for a variety of situations, this volume provides guidance on formulating questions to ask and suggestions for developing strategies for managing potentially violent situations. The book offers research, detailed case studies, and theoretical approaches to help deal with tough issues, including: zero-tolerance policies and their more effective alternatives; why profiling techniques to identify violence-prone students are of limited use; interventions to defuse potentially violent situations; and critical incident stress management. Five appendixes offer forms and checklists to help with planning and evaluation, including: threat assessment and management planning; checklist of characteristics of perpetrators of school violence; questions for evaluating general risk of violence; fire-setting and bombing risk assessment; and sex offense risk assessment. (Contains 110 references and an index.) (GCP) Descriptors: *Educational Environment; Elementary Secondary Education; Intervention; Predictor Variables; Profiles; *Risk Management; *School Safety; Stress Management; *Student Behavior; Student Characteristics; *Violence; Zero Tolerance Policy Identifiers: *Risk Assessment Geographic Source: U.S.; New York ED464998 UD035034 Zero Tolerance: Resisting the Drive for Punishment in our Schools. A Handbook for Parents, Students, Educators, and Citizens. Author: Ayers, William, Ed.; Dohrn, Bernardine, Ed.; Ayers, Rick, Ed. Availability: New Press, 450 West 41st Street, 6th Floor, New York, NY 10036 ($17.95). Tel: 800-233-4830 (Toll Free); Fax: 212-629-8617; Web site: http://www.thenewpress.com/. Publication Date: 2001 ISBN: BN- 1-56584-666-4; Language: English Document Type: Book (010); Collected works--General (020) Journal Announcement: RIENOV2002 Abstract: This book presents the views of educators, intellectuals, students, and community activists to show that most students expelled from schools under new disciplinary measures are sent home for nonviolent violations; that the rush to judge and punish disproportionately affects black and Hispanic students; and that the new disciplinary ethos is eroding constitutional protections of privacy, free speech, and due process. The papers are "Introduction: Resisting Zero Tolerance" (William Ayers, Rick Ayers, and Bernadine Dohrn); "Ground Zero" (Gregory Michie); "Two Punches, Expelled for Life" (Rick Ayers); "Arturo's Case" (Steven Drizin); "From the Jail Yard to the School Yard" (Tony DeMarco); "Racial Profiling at School: The Politics of Race and Discipline at Berkeley High" (A. A. Akom); "Decatur: A Story of Intolerance" (Valerie Johnson); "America Still Eats Her Young" (Gloria Ladson-Billings); "'Look Out Kid/It's Something You Did': Zero Tolerance for Children" (Bernardine Dohrn); "How Distorted Coverage of Juvenile Crime Affects Public Policy" (Vincent Schiraldi and Jason Ziedenberg); "Zero Tolerance as Mandatory Sentencing" (Robert Schwartz and Len Rieser); "Education, Delinquency, and Incarceration" (James Bell); "Sexual Harassment Meets Zero Tolerance: Life in K-12 Schools" (Nan Stein); "Sticks and Stones: The Jailing of Mentally Ill Kids" (Carl Ginsburg and Helen Demeranville); "Zero Tolerance: A Basic Racial Report Card" (Rebecca Gordon, Libero Della Piana, and Terry Keleher); "When Is Disproportionality Discrimination? The Overrepresentation of Black Students in School Suspension" (Russell Skiba); "The ABCs of School Discipline: Lessons from Miami-Dade County" (Judith A. Browne); "Finding Safety Where We Least Expect It: The Role of Social Capital in Preventing School Violence" (Pedro A. Noguera); "Turning to Each Other, Not on Each Other: How School Communities Prevent Racial Bias in School Discipline" (Susan Sandler); "The Role of Law in Policing Abusive Disciplinary Practices: Why School Discipline Is a Civil Rights Issue" (Daniel J. Losen and Christopher Edley, Jr.); and "Zero Tolerance: Reflections on a Failed Policy That Won't Die" (Michelle Fine and Kersha Smith). (SM) Descriptors: Black Students; Civil Rights; Delinquency; *Discipline; *Educational Policy; Elementary Secondary Education; Expulsion; Hispanic American Students; Mental Health; Racial Bias; Racial Discrimination; School Safety; Sexual Harassment; Student Behavior; Suspension; *Zero Tolerance Policy; Descriptive Terms: Foreword by Reverend Jesse L. Jackson, Sr. Geographic Source: U.S.; New York ED463331 TM033763 Stochastic Models of Quality Control on Test Misgrading. Author: Wang, Jianjun Availability: ED Pubs, P.O. Box 1398, Jessup, MD 20794-1398. Tel: 877-433-7827 (Toll Free). Sponsoring Agency: California State Univ., Bakersfield. (BBB22893) Publication Date: April 2002 Language: English Document Type: Reports--Descriptive (141); Speeches/meeting papers (150) Journal Announcement: RIESEP2002 Abstract: Stochastic models are developed in this article to examine the rate of test misgrading in educational and psychological measurement. The estimation of inadvertent grading errors can serve as a basis for quality control in measurement. Limitations of traditional Poisson models have been reviewed to highlight the need to introduce new models using well established geometric and negative binomial distributions. Equations are developed for the use of geometric and negative binomial distributions in the study of test misgrading. In this study, the geometric process is developed from a single-grader scenario under a policy of zero tolerance for test misgrading. The negative binomial process seems appropriate for state or national assessment that involves more than one test grader. Results of this investigation can be used to ensure the number of misgraded events below a threshold k. Features of the quality control measures are discussed in this article in a context of local and national assessments. (Contains 22 references.) (SLD) Descriptors: Educational Testing; *Grading; Mathematical Models; *Measurement Techniques; Psychological Testing; *Quality Control; Scores; Test Results Identifiers: Binomials; Poisson Process; *Stochastic Analysis Descriptive Terms: Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association (New Orleans, LA, April 1-5, 2002). Geographic Source: U.S.; California ED462749 EA031561 Advocacy Seminar 2001 Course Book (Alexandria, Virginia, October 25-27, 2001). Institutional Author: National School Boards Association, Alexandria, VA. Council of School Attorneys.(BBB24741) Availability: National School Boards Association, Council of School Attorneys, 1680 Duke Street, Alexandria, VA 22314 ($200 nonmembers, $160 members). Tel: 800-706-6722 (Toll Free); Fax: 301-604-0158; Web site: http://www.nsba.org. Publication Date: October 2001 ISBN: BN- 0-88364-250-6; Language: English Document Type: Collected works--Proceedings (021); Guides--Classroom--Learner (051) Journal Announcement: RIESEP2002 Abstract: This course book is a collection of reading materials (articles, memoranda, presentations) to be used in conjunction with seminars focusing on advocacy in education. There are 13 topics that include issues surrounding separation of church and state in the public-school environment; constitutional rights of secondary school students; special education; employment discrimination, including early retirement plans and the ADEA; the future of public education with regards to vouchers and school choice; Title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965; legal and policy challenges to high-stakes testing; Americans with Disabilities Act as it relates to the school environment; ethics and the school attorney; the Children's Internet Protection Act; and advising clients on effective student policies, focusing on due process/equity and zero tolerance. Other topics include federal issues and national trends, and what Supreme Court decisions do not necessarily communicate. Each topic is addressed by at least one document. (RT) Descriptors: *Advocacy; Elementary Secondary Education; Legal Education (Professions); Public Schools; *School Law; *Seminars; Geographic Source: U.S.; Virginia ED462514 UD034822 Zero Tolerance/IDEA 97 and Equal Educational Opportunity--Not! Author: Ableser, Judith Availability: For full text: http://www.policymattersohio.org. Publication Date: January 25, 2002 Language: English Document Type: Reports--Descriptive (141); Speeches/meeting papers (150) Journal Announcement: RIEAUG2002 Abstract: This paper critiques the use of zero tolerance policies for general and special education students, focusing on equal educational opportunity. It presents an alternative comprehensive schoolwide approach to discipline that infuses best practices and a philosophy of democratic education. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) protects the rights of disabled students and addresses discipline. In order to facilitate equal educational opportunity, there must be a democratic standard that meets an authorization and threshold principle that ensures nondiscrimination and nonoppression. Zero tolerance policy does not allow for a democratic state of authority that balances decision making between local and state representation, nor does it recognize differences or individual situations. By applying zero tolerance policies, schools do not provide guidance and treatment for disruptive students. IDEA does not provide protection to disadvantaged students who do not qualify for special education. The proposed comprehensive schoolwide model applies components of best practices from several models, including posting and reviewing consistent schoolwide rules and expectations; developing a community of learners; recognizing and valuing diversity; and providing resources and support for at-risk students. (Contains 23 references.) (SM) Descriptors: Democracy; Disabilities; *Discipline; *Equal Education; Expulsion; Minority Group Children; Secondary Education; Special Education; *Student Behavior; Suspension; Violence; Zero Tolerance Policy Identifiers: *Individuals with Disabilities Educ Act Amend 1997 Descriptive Terms: Paper presented at the Annual Safe Schools Coalition, Inc., and National Alternative Education Association Joint National Conference on Alternatives to Expulsion, Suspension, and Dropping Out of School (8th, Kissimmee, FL, January 24-26, 2002). Geographic Source: Canada; Ontario ED462483 UD034761 School Safety & Youth Violence: A Legal Primer. Author: Bailey, Kirk A.; Ross, Catherine J. Institutional Author: George Washington Univ., Washington, DC. Hamilton Fish Inst.(BBB36971) Availability: Hamilton Fish Institute, 2121 K Street, N.W., Suite 200, Washington, DC 20037-1830. Tel: 202-496-2200. For full text: http://www.hamfish.org. Sponsoring Agency: Department of Justice, Washington, DC. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. (BBB18948) Publication Date: 2001 Language: English Document Type: Guides--Non-classroom (055) Journal Announcement: RIEAUG2002 Abstract: This legal primer on violence in schools addresses the responsibility of school officials to respond to undisciplined youths whose behavior threatens the welfare and safety of other children in attendance. It is broken down into sections that provide a brief overview of the key rules and guidelines for school officials and teachers in each topic area. It focuses on school liability (civil liability, constitutional claims, workers' compensation, and defenses to claims against schools); search and seizure--threats of violence (search and seizure, student tips, risk factors, locker searches, metal detectors, strip searches, threats of violence, and cameras); zero tolerance--suspension and expulsion (zero tolerance, state interest in safe schools, suspension for off-campus activity, and due process in suspensions and expulsions); and use of student records (Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act, sharing disciplinary records, state law, and response to release of student records). Each section concludes with a checklist. Legal resources are appended. (Contains 102 endnotes and 12 resources.) (SM) Descriptors: Constitutional Law; Due Process; Elementary Secondary Education; Expulsion; *Legal Responsibility; School Responsibility; *School Safety; Search and Seizure; Student Records; Student Rights; Suspension; *Violence; Zero Tolerance Policy Identifiers: Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act 1974 Contract Number: 97-MU-FX-K012 Geographic Source: U.S.; District of Columbia ED461921 EA031513 Racial Profiling and Punishment in U.S. Public Schools: How Zero Tolerance Policies and High Stakes Testing Subvert Academic Excellence and Racial Equity. Research Report {and} Executive Summary. Author: Johnson, Tammy; Boyden, Jennifer Emiko; Pittz, William J. Institutional Author: Applied Research Center, Oakland, CA.(BBB36660) Availability: ERASE Initiative, Applied Research Center, 3781 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94611. Tel: 510-653-3415; Fax: 510-653-3427; e-mail: erase@arc.org. For full text: http://www.arc.org/erase/profilingsumm.html. Publication Date: October 2001 Language: English Document Type: Reports--Evaluative (142) Journal Announcement: RIEAUG2002 Abstract: This report analyzes current public education policies, procedures, and practices that compound racial inequities by profiling students of color. Such practices divert resources away from proven solutions that advance academic excellence. Bias in high-stakes testing serves to increase student achievement gaps. Zero-tolerance and maximum-security schools have discipline policies that commonly push youth of color out of school at rates disproportionate to their white counterparts. Recommendations include providing equal and universal access to quality teachers of diverse backgrounds and races, using small schools and reducing class size, eliminating exit exams, repealing zero-tolerance policies, refocusing priorities so schools and districts can receive equitable resources, and using racial-equity report cards as a means of educational policy assessment. This guide includes four essays: (1) "Horace Had It Right: The Stakes Are Still High for Students of Color" (Linda Mizell); (2) "Zero Tolerance and School Security Measures: A Failed Experiment" (Russell J. Skiba and Peter E. Leone); (3) "Apartheid in American Education: How Opportunity Is Rationed to Children of Color in the United States" (Linda Darling-Hammond); and (4) "Small Schools: An Anti-Racist Intervention in Urban America" (Michelle Fine and Linda C. Powell). Appendix I lists resources, and Appendix II provides authors' biographies. (RT) Descriptors: Discipline; Elementary Secondary Education; Equal Education; *High Stakes Tests; Poverty; *Public Schools; *Punishment; *Racial Bias; Racial Discrimination; Small Classes; Small Schools; Teacher Background; Teacher Characteristics; *Zero Tolerance Policy; Descriptive Terms: Contributing writers include Beverly Cross, Linda Darling-Hammond, Michelle Fine, Linda Powell, Russell J. Skiba, Peter E. Leone and Linda Mizell. Geographic Source: U.S.; California ED461634 SP040463 Best Practice in Motivation and Management in the Classroom. Author: Wiseman, Dennis G.; Hunt, Gilbert H. Availability: Charles C. Thomas, Publisher, Ltd., 2600 South First Street, Springfield, IL 62794-9265 (paperbound: ISBN-0-398-07238-8, $33.95; hardbound: ISBN-0-398-07237-X, $49.95). Tel: 800-258-8980 (Toll Free); Web site: http://www.ccthomas.com. Publication Date: 2001 ISBN: BN- 0-398-07237-X; Language: English Document Type: Guides--Non-classroom (055) Journal Announcement: RIEJUL2002 Abstract: This book is designed to help teachers become more knowledgeable, skilled, and effective in their work, explaining the importance of understanding students' interests, learning styles, and backgrounds in order to meet their unique needs and describing why having the ability to manage the learning environment, motivate students, and teach is itself motivating. Seven chapters include: (1) "Motivation and Management: Two Sides to the Same Coin" (e.g., best practice in motivation and management and teachers as motivators and managers); (2) "Understanding Motivation and Motivating Environments" (e.g., intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and factors affecting student motivation); (3) "Creating a Managed Environment: Models and Theories of Management" (e.g., theories by Kounin, Dreikurs, Glasser, Ginott, Jones, Gordon, Canter and Canter, Skinner, Johnson and Johnson, and Kohn); (4) "Best Practice in Teaching for Best Practice in Student Motivation and Classroom Management" (e.g., relevant research); (5) "Special Problems and Concerns in Student Motivation and Classroom Management" (e.g., zero tolerance, expulsion, diversity, violence, and drug abuse); (6) "Responding to Student Motivation and Behavior Problems" (e.g., teacher reactions and proactive teachers); and (7) "Case Studies for Analysis in Student Motivation and Classroom Management" (e.g., inattention and disruptive talking). (Chapters contain references.) (SM) Descriptors: Beginning Teachers; Behavior Problems; Behavior Theories; Case Studies; Classroom Environment; *Classroom Techniques; Diversity (Student); Drug Abuse; Elementary Secondary Education; Expulsion; Incentives; School Uniforms; Self Motivation; Special Needs Students; Stress Variables; Student Behavior; *Student Motivation; Teacher Effectiveness; Teaching Skills; Violence; Zero Tolerance Policy Identifiers: Student Engagement Geographic Source: U.S.; Illinois ED460333 CG031489 Malignant Neglect: Substance Abuse and America's Schools. Institutional Author: Columbia Univ., New York, NY. National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse.(BBB33894) Availability: National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University, 633 Third Ave., 19th Floor, New York, NY 10017-6706 (22). Tel: 212-841-5255; Fax: 212-956-8020; Web site: http://www.casacolumbia.org. For full text: http://www.casacolumbia.org/usrdoc/Malignant.pdf. Sponsoring Agency: Conrad N. Hilton Foundation, Los Angeles, CA. (BBB24268)@; Primerica Foundation, Greenwich, CT. (BBB25617) Publication Date: September 2001 Language: English Document Type: Reports--Research (143) Journal Announcement: RIEJUN2002 Abstract: This report on drug abuse in schools is based on 6 years of analysis, focus groups, and field investigations. Prior research has determined that if young people do not engage in smoking or substance abuse by age 21, their chances of engaging later are next to nothing. It has also been determined that next to parents, schools have the greatest influence on children's lives. This report is the first comprehensive analysis of all available data on substance use in schools. It is designed to clarify how tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drug use affects schools and offers suggestions on how to make children and schools substance free. Key findings include the fact that over 50% of students report that drugs are used, sold, or kept at their schools, and that zero-tolerance policies are used more for expelling students rather than identifying students in need. Several problems are discussed that are caused by schools' inability to stop or treat substance abuse. A look at high-risk students and who shares responsibility for the problem is included. Ten key interventions are suggested that both families and schools can employ to stop substance abuse in students. Appendixes include: Survey Descriptions; Safe, Disciplined and Drug-Free Schools Expert Panel: Exemplary Programs 2001; and Safe, Disciplined and Drug-Free Schools Expert Panel: Promising Programs 2001. (Contains 3 appendixes, 1 table, 14 figures, and 329 references.) (JDM) Descriptors: At Risk Persons; Drinking; Elementary Secondary Education; *Family School Relationship; *High Risk Students; Illegal Drug Use; Intervention; Parent Influence; Parent Role; Prevention; *Resilience (Personality); Smoking; *Substance Abuse; Zero Tolerance Policy; Descriptive Terms: Also sponsored by The Atlantic Philanthropies. Geographic Source: U.S.; New York ED460240 UD034700 A Guide to Effective Statewide Laws/Policies: Preventing Discrimination against LGBT Students in K-12 Schools. Institutional Author: Lambda Legal Defense and Education Fund, New York, NY.(BBB35145); Gay, Lesbian, and Straight Education Network, New York, NY.(BBB35964) Availability: For full text: http://www.glsen.org/ binary-data/GLSENARTICLES/pdffile/1133.pdf. Publication Date: 2001 Language: English Document Type: Guides--Non-classroom (055); Reports--Descriptive (141) Journal Announcement: RIEMAY2002 Abstract: This document presents guidance for stopping discrimination, harassment, and violence against lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) students in schools. Section 1, "Lambda Legal Defense and Education Fund on the Legal Considerations for Creating and Changing Statewide Laws and Policies," discusses the various types of statewide laws and policies (civil rights statutes, education statutes, and education regulations or policies); implementation and enforcement of the varying types of statewide laws and policies; and arguments made against the promotion of laws to protect LGBT students (e.g., prohibiting discrimination on the basis of specified factors is wrong because it provides special rights). Section 2, "GLSEN on the Political Considerations for Creating and Changing Statewide Laws and Policies: What's Right for Your State?," presents guidance on mapping the terrain, law or policy options, and considerations that impact all approaches (e.g., religious and privately run institutions, gender identity, special rights or zero tolerance approaches, the importance of enumeration, and staying alert after the bill/policy passes). Three appendices present state regulations; the National School Climate Survey of the Gay, Lesbian, and Straight Education Network; and selected results from the 1999 CDC/Massachusetts Department of Education Youth Risk Behavior Survey. (SM) Descriptors: Bisexuality; Civil Rights; Educational Legislation; Elementary Secondary Education; *Homophobia; Homosexuality; School Safety; Sexual Orientation; *Social Discrimination; *State Legislation; Violence Identifiers: *State Policy Descriptive Terms: Supported by the Richard Nathan Anti-Homophobia Trusts. Geographic Source: U.S.; New York ED460233 UD034689 Schools and Suspensions: Self-Reported Crime and the Growing Use of Suspensions. Justice Policy Institute Policy Brief. Author: Schiraldi, Vincent; Ziedenberg, Jason Institutional Author: Justic Policy Inst., Washington, DC.(BBB35480) Availability: Justice Policy Institute, 1234 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W. Suite C1009, Washington, DC 20004. Tel: 202-737-7270; Fax: 202-737-7271. For full text: http://www.cjcj.org/sss/sss.pdf. Sponsoring Agency: Open Society Inst., New York, NY. (BBB34908)@; Annie E. Casey Foundation, Baltimore, MD. (BBB32721) Publication Date: September 01, 2001 Language: English Document Type: Reports--Research (143) Journal Announcement: RIEMAY2002 Abstract: Though the media depicts U.S. youth as more criminally prone than they actually are and highlights school shootings, schools are still one of the safest places for youth to be. This policy brief adds perspective to punitive school policies (e.g., zero tolerance policies that require suspension or expulsion) in the face of stable or declining rates of youthful offending in schools. In order to compare rates of school assaults with rates of suspension and expulsion, researchers analyzed the latest available government data for both indexes. From 1976-98, nearly 95 percent of students reported they had not been injured with a weapon at or near school in the past 12 months. Despite relatively stable rates of student victimization over the 23 years, suspensions and expulsions have nearly doubled. The increase seems to have little to do with reported victimization and does not appear to have affected reported victimization markedly. Other research indicates that suspended students often find themselves bereft of any form of education. There are racial disparities in student suspensions, particularly with respect to black makes. Students suspended from school are much more likely to engage in physical fights, carry a weapon, smoke, use alcohol, marijuana and other drugs. (SM) Descriptors: Black Students; Crime; Elementary Secondary Education; *Expulsion; Hispanic American Students; Racial Bias; Racial Differences; School Policy; *School Safety; Student Behavior; *Suspension; *Violence; *Zero Tolerance Policy Identifiers: African Americans; Victimization Descriptive Terms: Center on Crime Communities & Culture became part of the Criminal Justice Initiative, Open Society Institute. Geographic Source: U.S.; District of Columbia ED460231 UD034685 Alternative Education for At-Risk Youth: An Analysis of Specific Legislation from 1995-1999 in Pennsylvania. Author: Bickford, Susan Availability: Indiana Education Policy Center, Smith Research Center, Suite 170, 2805 East Tenth Street, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47408-2698. Tel: 812-855-1240; Fax: 812-855-0240; Web site: http://www.indiana.edu/~iepc. For full text: http://www.indiana.edu/~iepc/PRINCIPALS.pdf. Publication Date: December 12, 2001 Language: English Document Type: Reports--Descriptive (141) Journal Announcement: RIEMAY2002 Abstract: This paper analyzes Pennsylvania's Safe Schools Act of 1995 and 1997, discussing decisions that led to its adoption and its impact on Pennsylvania schools from 1995 to 2001. It presents a history of media reports on school violence, and discusses the national experience, zero tolerance and its effects, and Pennsylvania's answer to school violence. The Safe Schools Act prohibited weapons possession and required expulsion; defined weapons, school property, and school entity; established the Office of Safe Schools within the Department of Education; set forth reporting requirements for violence and weapons possession; required a sworn statement prior to admission to any school entity; provided for the transfer, maintenance, and availability of records; and required a one-time cost survey to the legislature. The zero tolerance policy forced schools to expel students for relatively minor offenses and created the dilemma of what to do with expelled students. In response, the governor developed the Alternative Education for Disruptive Youth Program. The paper critically evaluates the policy and its outcomes, explaining its impact on secondary students and their schools. (Contains 20 references.) (SM) Descriptors: Educational Legislation; Expulsion; *High Risk Students; Mass Media; *Nontraditional Education; *School Safety; Secondary Education; *State Legislation; Violence; Weapons Identifiers: *Pennsylvania; State Policy; Zero Tolerance Policy Geographic Source: U.S.; Pennsylvania ED460216 UD034668 Manual para combatir el absentismo escolar (Manual To Combat Truancy). Institutional Author: Department of Justice, Washington, DC.(BBB00482); Office of Elementary and Secondary Education (ED), Washington, DC. Safe and Drug Free Schools Program.(EDD00101) Availability: ED Pubs, P.O. Box 1398, Jessup, MD 20794-1398. Tel: 877-433-7827 (Toll Free). Publication Date: 1996 Language: Spanish Document Type: Guides--Non-classroom (055) Journal Announcement: RIEMAY2002 Descriptors: Attendance; *Community Programs; Delinquency; *Dropouts; Elementary Secondary Education; Law Enforcement; *Parent Participation; Police; *Prevention; Productivity; Program Descriptions; *School Responsibility; Spanish Speaking; *Truancy; Youth Problems; Descriptive Terms: For the English-language version, see ED 397 526. In consultation with the National School Safety Center. Geographic Source: U.S.; District of Columbia ED460076 SP040388 Connecting with Students. Author: Mendler, Allen N. Institutional Author: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, Alexandria, VA.(BBB30657) Availability: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, 1703 North Beauregard Street, Alexandria, VA 22311-1714 (ASCD members, $11.95; nonmembers, $13.95). Tel: 703-578-9600; Tel: 800-933-2723 (Toll Free); Fax: 703-575-5400; e-mail: member@ascd.org; Web site: http://www.ascd.org. Publication Date: 2001 ISBN: BN- 0-87120-573-4; Language: English Document Type: Book (010); Guides--Non-classroom (055) Journal Announcement: RIEMAY2002 Abstract: This book outlines positive strategies for bridging the gap between teachers and students through personal, academic, and social connections, offering a guide to help teachers create a personalized refuge of safety and risk-taking for all students. After explaining why and how to use the book, information is presented on: "Identifying Disconnected Students"; "Necessary Attitudes and Feelings" (e.g., view challenging students as having something to teach, get past zero tolerance, build on strengths, and make the classroom safe from physical danger and embarrassment); "Strategies for Developing Personal Connection" (e.g., collect personal index cards, smile, think aloud, offer notes of appreciation, play students' music occasionally, create acronym nicknames, be protective, and have fun together); "Strategies for Developing Academic Connection" (e.g., take photos of students as they work on projects, show students they can overcome obstacles, specify daily learning objectives, limit pop quizzes, and be curious together); and "Strategies for Developing Social Connection" (e.g., have a problems and solutions center, let students make some of the rules, hold occasional class meetings, and break bread together). The final section, "For the Administrator," explains the administrator's role in this effort. (Contains 25 references.) (SM) Descriptors: Administrators; *Classroom Communication; *Educational Environment; Elementary Secondary Education; *Teacher Student Relationship; Teachers Identifiers: *Student Engagement Geographic Source: U.S.; Virginia ED458677 EA031387 School Violence Prevention Testimony. Presented to the California State Assembly Select Committee on School Safety. Author: Juvonen, Jaana Institutional Author: RAND Health, Santa Monica, CA.(BBB36858) Availability: RAND Distribution Services, 1700 Main Street, P.O. Box 2138, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138 ($15). Tel: 877-584-8642 (Toll Free); Fax: 310-451-6915; e-mail: order@rand.org. For full text: http://www.rand.org/publications/CT/CT178/CT178.pdf. Publication Date: June 2001 Report Number: RAND-CT-178 Language: English Document Type: Legal/Legislative/Regulatory materials (090); Reports--Evaluative (142) Journal Announcement: RIEAPR2002 Abstract: This document presents a written testimony as submitted on June 1, 2001, in Downey, California, regarding long-term effects on students from being bullied or victimized by peers. Such victimization is now considered a warning sign of potentially violent students. Bullying, prevalent in schools, has detrimental effects upon children. It involves and affects victims, bullies, and bystanders. Unfortunately, many school-violence prevention strategies are limited and may even backfire in the long run. The most promising prevention model is founded on basic research on bullying and victimization by peers. It includes the following three components: (1) explicit anti-harassment school policy; (2) instruction for all students to help them understand the policy and develop conflict-resolution skills; and (3) case-by-case staff mediation that reinforces both school policy and instruction. Violence-prevention approaches that have limited efficacy include the implementation of physical safety measures, zero-tolerance policies, and programs designed for at-risk youth. Approaches should enhance psychological safety in addition to physical safety, include instructional programs aimed at changing social norms and developing mediation skills, involve all students instead of only the problematic ones, and be preventive instead of reactive. (Contains 21 references.) (RT) Descriptors: *Bullying; Conflict Resolution; Elementary Secondary Education; Hearings; *Prevention; *School Safety; *State Regulation; *Violence; Descriptive Terms: Part of the RAND testimony series. 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